The anatomy section occupies the room dedicated to the Tuscan scientist Paolo Mascagni (1755-1815) on the raised first floor. Mascagni was the first anatomist to describe the detailed structure of the lymphatic system. The museum houses scientific, historical and documentary material regarding Mascagni: human anatomical specimens, plates from his Anatomia universa, and his library and family archives. In the attic there are domestic animals bearing malformations and petrified anatomical specimens. The latter are mostly human organs and foetuses dried by a technique invented by Francesco Spirito in the first half of the twentieth century.
